Should Pornography be More Restricted by USA Laws Essay

Should Pornography be More Restricted by USA Laws - Essay Example Like it or not, be that as it may, the first Amendment was explicitly composed and intended to secure the privileges surprisingly, not simply one’s own in-gathering. The pornography business, by means of the first Amendment, has the option to create their suggestive materials inasmuch as they adhere to the law. For whatever length of time that no individual delineated is a reluctant member, as long as nobody included was hurt, the erotic entertainment itself isn't unlawful and the business that produces it isn't doing any damage. Simultaneously, people and associations that are against sex entertainment likewise reserve the option to create materials censuring erotic entertainment for whatever reasons. For whatever length of time that those people and gatherings don't submit defamation or criticism in their endeavors, they are additionally not doing anything incorrectly or causing hurt. Neither the pornography business nor the counter pornography industry can remove the privil eges of the other gathering to deliver their materials or express their inclinations or convictions. The point of view of hostile to pornography gatherings, in any case, can some of the time seem to be to some degree a riddle. Suggestive material has been common all through mankind's history and is prove in a wide assortment of ways. Take, for example, antiquated Venus sculptures. Numerous anthropologists speculate that the sculptures were viewed as images of fruitfulness in their way of life. The sculptures are prestigious for being demonstrations of the supporting nature of ladies, apparently in valuation for their commitment to society as moms and overseers. A marginally less mainstream thinking is that Venus sculptures were likewise utilized as masturbatory apparatuses. Trackers and warriors who went on protracted outings would take the sculptures with them so as to have something appealing to take a gander at while they dealt with their progressively close needs. Different soci eties are likewise noted for utilizing explicit pictures for an assortment of purposes. Shower houses in Pompei, for instance, are accounted for as having oddly explicit pictures covering the dividers. The pictures should have been utilized for bearings inside the shower houses. Where today we have storage A3, in those days societies depended more on promptly unmistakable pictures. The way that those pictures were ordinarily explicit in nature confirms the general disposition of acknowledgment of the human formâ€in all its blood and greatness. By and large, clinicians encourage individuals to not battle their tendency, however to only control it when that nature would doubtlessly cause issues inside their general public, either for themselves or for other people. The standard of â€Å"nature says ‘go,’ culture says ‘stop’† is one that is broadly acknowledged inside the mental network (Baumeister and Bushman, 2011). The thought, however, is that cu lture says â€Å"stop† when the move going to be made is in all likelihood going to be damaging to the more extensive culture somehow or another. For example, when an individual strolls in on their companion undermining them, and their characteristic tendency is to pummel the guilty parties into a bloody mess. That’s nature saying â€Å"go.† Culture, in any case, says that on the off chance that you enjoy your regular tendency to be rough, you will confront results of fines, network administration, or even prison time. That is culture’s method of saying â€Å"stop.† With sex entertainment, there is no broad exact information proposing that the presence of erotic entertainment is immensely harming American

Global Growth Business and Environment Risk †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Global Growth Business and Environment Risk. Answer: Presentation: At the hour of working in the host nations, the business associations need to think about the business strategies of the host nation. Simultaneously, they have to build up their hierarchical techniques in such a manner thus, that they can coordinate the business strategies of the host nations. This equivalent hypothesis is material for Acciona. Acciona is one of the significant business associations of Spain that includes in the turn of events and the board of different frameworks, water, sustainable power source and different administrations (acciona.com 2017). Acciona needs to conform to the business approaches of the host nation while working in the host nation. According to the approach of Acciona, Acciona should be kept up a severe arrangement on chance administration and returns at the hour of taking the new activities. It infers that the business condition of Australia needs comes back from Acciona while limiting the hazard factors. This viewpoint will assist the organization with maintaining solid development in Australia advertise. Another significant effect of the arrangements of Australia on Acciona is the selection of Integrated Management System (IMS) Policy by Acciona. This specific arrangement makes Acciona to concentrate on two of the main considerations; they are Sustainability and Continuous Improvements of the companys business exercises (acciona.com.au 2017). In such manner, it should be referenced that the arrangements of IMS is an imperative necessity for Acciona as the organization must consent to these strategies. The re are some particular standards in IMS strategies. To begin with, it is required for Acciona to keep up the top nature of their works. It suggests that there is no extension for the trade off of value. Second, the Australian Government requests Acciona to conform to all the necessary enactments, guidelines and laws that are identified with ecological and Organizational Health and Safety (OHS) perils (acciona.com.au 2017). Subsequently, it very well may be speculated that the rationale of this rule is to improve the hierarchical exercises identified with these variables. The third guideline is identified with the advancement of the way of life of incorporated administration identified with natural consideration and OHS exercises. These are the primary approaches of Australia that have impacts on the business activities of Acciona. In any case, it should be referenced that there are numerous different approaches of Australia that Acciona needs to agree to. Be that as it may, the prim ary point of every one of these approaches is to get upgrades the organizations. Openings and Risk It should be referenced that Acciona needs to confront a few sorts of predicaments, difficulties, dangers and openings at an opportunity to work in Australia. They are examined beneath: The major moral difficulty looked by Acciona is to conform to all the necessary ecological and supportability related guidelines while keeping up the necessary benefit level. Regularly, it gets hard for Acciona to keep up the ideal benefit level in the wake of agreeing to all the guidelines. It has been seen that the upkeep of the considerable number of guidelines diminishes the benefit level of the organizations as these guidelines confine a portion of the business exercises of Acciona. This can be considered as the significant predicament of Acciona (arena.gov.au 2017). Furthermore, Acciona needs to manage a portion of the significant business dangers. The significant hazard factor is the impact of world financial disturbance on Australia. Because of this, Acciona needs to confront the hazard in regards to the vulnerability of important assets for their business tasks. Aside from this, it should be referenced that the danger of less capital for activity is another significant perspective. These are the significant dangers that Acciona needs to confront while working in Australia (arena.gov.au 2017). In any case, there are some acceptable business open doors for Acciona. As the individuals of Australia have gotten progressively cognizant about condition, they are concentrating on the selection of sustainable power source. This viewpoint is making business open doors for Acciona. Moreover, Australia is resolved to build up the immediate utilize advertise for sustainable power source organizations. This is a positive sign for Acciona as it will make business open doors for Acciona. Aside from this, specialized progressions have diminishes the business expenses of Acciona. These are the significant open doors for Acciona (theconversation.com 2017). The significant test for Acciona is to confront the dubious economic situation of Australian sustainable power source as this specific market is yet is gone to its steadiness. The following test is to confront the significant specialized issues of the business tasks. It has been seen that a portion of these issues can't be illuminated now and then. These are the significant difficulties looked by Acciona in Australia (theconversation.com 2017). By and large, as per the above examination, in Australia, Acciona should be conformed to the supportability and nonstop enhancements approaches of the nation. What's more, Acciona additionally needs to agree to the Organizational Health and Safety guidelines alongside other authoritative guidelines. Accionas major moral situation in Australia is to keep up high benefit while conforming to ecological and manageability guidelines. The significant hazard is the impact of world monetary midtown alongside unsure economic situation. References Acciona.com. (2017).ACCIONA to concentrate on chosen development openings and new markets in renewables and framework. [online] Available at: https://www.acciona.com/pressroom/news/2017/may/acciona-center chosen development openings new-markets-renewables-foundation/[Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. Acciona.com.au. (2017).About us | ACCIONA Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.acciona.com.au/about-us/[Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. Acciona.com.au. (2017).IMS Policy. [online] Available at: https://www.acciona.com.au/supportability/ims-strategy/[Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. arena.gov.au/. (2017).LOOKING FORWARD: BARRIERS, RISKS AND REWARDS OF THE AUSTRALIAN GEOTHERMAL SECTOR TO 2020 AND 2030. [online] Available at: https://arena.gov.au/resources/2014/07/ARENA-IGEG-fundamental report.pdf [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. The Conversation. (2017).2017 will be a major year for Australia's vitality framework: this is what to pay special mind to. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/2017-will-be-a-major year-for-australias-vitality framework heres-what-to-pay special mind to 71703 [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017]. The Conversation. (2017).Australia's vitality division is in basic need of change. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/australias-vitality segment is-in-basic need-of-change 61802 [Accessed 30 Sep. 2017].

Decision Maker and the Rational Man - Free Essay Example

Decision Maker and the Rational Man I. Decision Maker and the Rational Man 1. Introduction As individuals we face decision situations everyday. It might be a problem or an opportunity, but in both cases the individual has to come at a perfect decision. At a rational view individual will try to gather as much information as possible on the available alternatives and the consequences they might derive by implementing each alternative. Individuals think and reason before they act and they try to select the best alternative accessible to them. What is most important is to select a choice among the alternatives available. Any person who is faced a significant choice problem in real life, operating individually or organizationally, tends to complete the task according to the prescription by the rational choice. In words, he will think as a rational man as depicted in a textbooks of economics. Rational man will be reasonably directed toward the achievement of conscious goals and will aim to maximize his benefits. 2. Literature Review Decision making is a means to an end. It is typically described as â€Å"choosing among best alternatives†. According to Stoner et al. (2001: 239), decision making is the process of identifying and selecting a course of action to solve a specific problem. It is about identifying and choosing solutions that lead to a desired end result (Kreitner and Kinicki, 1995:299). The process begins with a problem and ends when a solution had been chosen. Decision maker is the individual or group that actually makes the choice among alternatives. Individual decision making is an important part of organizational behavior as well as in day to day life of any individual. Ideal decision makers try to use all their talents when making a decision and characterized by reason and sound judgment (Certo, 2003). Over the years, there has been much debate on how to accurately describe decision making processes in general. Beyond an implicit agreem ent that decisions are made through some sort of process, chaotic or otherwise, there is little else scholars agree upon. By simple definition rational means efficient, i. . , maximizing output for a given input, or minimizing input for a given output. Economic definition of the rational man refers solely to a man who moves toward his goals in a way which, to the best of his knowledge, uses the least possible input of scarce resources per unit of valued output (Downs, 1957). Human behavior is goal-oriented, chosen for a reason. Goals, objectives, purposes, and interests explain behavior. So under rational man concept human being is always behave in a way to maximize the value he gains through the end. Managerial decision making is assumed to be rational. That means managers make consistent, value–maximizing choices within specified constrains. So that is where the decision maker and rational man come together. The rational model of decision making which is also known as cl assical model is best used to discuss about the behavior of a manager who weight his options and calculate optimal levels of risks before making the decision. Rational decision making describes choices that are consistent and value maximizing within specified constraints (Robbins and Coulter, 2002:178). It assumes that managers have access to all the information needed to reach a decision (Certo, 2003). The rational model proposes that managers use a rational, four-step sequence when making decisions: (1) identifying the problem, (2) generating alternative solutions, (3) selecting a solution, and (4) implementing and evaluating the solution (Kreitner and Kinicki, 1995:301). This model is based on the premise that managers optimize when they make decisions. A decision maker who is perfectly rational would be fully objective and logical (Robbins and Coulter, 2002:178). He or she will carefully define the problem and will have a defined goal which is clear and specific. Moreover making decisions using rationality would consistently lead toward selecting the alternative that maximizes the likelihood of achieving that goal. However in the rational decision making model there are some assumptions of rationality which apply to any decision. Figure 1: Assumptions of Rationality Source: Robbins and Coulter, 2002:178 The rational decision making model, amongst its many assumptions assumes that there is a single best solution that will maximize the desired outcomes. But in the real world individuals must make decisions within tight time constraints and with less information than he or she likes to have. Bounded rationality theory pointed out that decision makers must cope with inadequate information about the nature of the problem and its possible solutions, a lack of time or money to complie more complete information, an ability to remeeber large amount of information, and the limits of their own intelligence (Stoner et. al. ,1995:253). That means the deciison maker is acturally deviates form being a rational man. Instead of exploring the perfect or ideal solution, decision makers frequently settle for one that will adequately serve their purpose. That means they sacrifice rather than maximize. Not only bounded rationality, intuition also play a vital role in a decision maker’s life. Decision makers usually use their intuition to improve their decision making. It’s a subconscious process of making decisions on the basis of experience and accumulated judgment (Robbins and Coulter, 2002:180). This can be simply known as â€Å"gut feeling† and will deviates decision maker from behaving rationally. It comes with experience and learning. For example a manager who had faced a similar situation of decision making might deviate from systematic approach of rational decision making and might use his or her experience and judgment to take a decision. Figure two talks about the role of intuition in decision making. Figure 2 : What is intuition? Source: Robbins and Coulter, 2002:180. The quality of a manager’s decisions is important for many reasons. To illustrate some, the quality of a manager’s decisions directly affects his career opportunities, rewards, job satisfaction and achievements in life. Also the quality of managerial decisions contributes to the success or failure of an organization. As a decision maker, the way he behaves in a decision situation will directly affect to that individual’s future as well as to the future of the institution for which he makes the decision. The rational decision theory position that decision making should proceed systematically through the series of steps is sound. Better decisions likely result when decision makers carefully analyze problems, evaluate multiple alternatives, and make systematic choices on the basis of their analyses and act as a rational man. However the perspective of rational decision making model relies on the implici t assumption that â€Å"rational decision maker† could have ever existed in a natural state in organizations. Decision making process is not a strictly rational one where all relevant information is collected and objectively evaluated, rather the decision maker takes mental ‘short cuts’ in the process of decision making to arrive at a sound decision (Kahneman and Tversky 1974 in Brabazon, 2000). 3. Application in Real World In Business Organizations. Decision making is one of the primary and most important responsibilities of being a manager. In real world most of the time a manager acts as a rational decision maker. He has to think about all the alternatives available to him after analyzing the problem and list down the consequences of each alternative. And then he has to rank each alternative from low to high to based on pros and cons of each alternative and finally he has to select the best alternative to solve the problem. For example at the Cuban Missile Crisis former United State President John F. Kennedy did his best to guide his team towards the best alternative available to them. He with his team gathered as much information as possible and probe for all the alternatives available. A special part of this is analyzing the consequences of each alternative. They did their best to see what will be the ultimate result of executing alternatives to select the best choice in front of them. This is the reason why even today after many years back, President Kennedy’s actions at Cuban Missile Crisis is considered and learned as a best managerial decision taken by a true leader all over the world. This can be considered under rational decision making but even here it is restricted within the available information. Any manager or an individual who is confronting with a problem or decision situation will act as a rational man to some extend when he or she makes a decision. Let’s take a simple example of buying a computer. In managerial aspects this can be a manager related to Marketing who is finding that they have to buy few computers with newest features in order to give the best customer service. After identifying the problem he will have to go through the decision criteria which will relevant to the decision. Here he can consider price, warranties, memory capacity, advance features, etc. rom the numbers of criteria available to him when buying a computer. Then the decision maker has to carefully analyze and weight each criterion according to its relevancy for the task. Then there will be the consideration of alternatives which will bring forward various computer brands and models and the manager will has to analyze each option with careful examination using all the information available to him. Then the manager has to come into a final decision by thinking rationally about the gains he will derive through each alternative. However a manager does not make decisions in isolation. When he or she makes their own decisions, people within and outside the organization also make their own decisions. When managers take decisions they also have to think about these decisions made by people around him. Also no approach to decision making can guarantee that a manager will always make the right decision. However a manager who is rational, intelligent and who uses a systematic approach towards decision making is more likely to come up with high quality solution than other managers. . Conclusion An individual as a decision maker will most of the time will behave in a rational way. He will do his best to select a choice among the alternatives available after analyzing each of these alternatives. However the extend of rationality of his behavior will be a problem due to the assumptions followed on the model of rational decision making which can be applied to the true situation. It assumes that the decision makers have or should or can obtain adequate information, both in terms of quality , quantity and accuracy. This applies to the situation as well as the alternative technical situations. It further assumes that the decision makers have substantive knowledge of the cause and effect relationships relevant to the evaluation of the alternatives. In other words, it assumes that decision maker has a thorough knowledge of all the alternatives and the consequences of the alternatives chosen. It further assumes that the personnel involved in decision making can rank the alternatives and choose the best of it. With these we can not say that there is a single, best solution that will maximize the desired outcomes. So when taking a decision, the decision maker will move towards compromising on the decision making process though it is a structured decision making model. The decision maker takes the decision or is assumed to choose a solution though not a perfect solution but â€Å"good enough† solution based on the limited capacity to handle the complexity of the situation, ambiguity and information. However a decision maker will behave as a rational man constraint to this bounded rationality. Reference List Borges Marcos R. S. , Pino J. A. , Valle C. , Support for Decision Implementation and Follow-up, 1995, Viewed on 15 May 2008, Borges, Marcos R. S. , Pino, J. A. , Valle, C. : On the Implementation and Follow-up of Decisions, 2002, Viewed on 15 May 2008, Downs Anthony, The Meaning of Rationality in the Model, 1957, Viewed on 15th May 2008m https://polsci. colorado. edu/~mciverj/Downs3-14. PDF Gosling Jonathan and Mintzberg Henry, The Five Minds of a Manager Key ideas from the Harvard Business Review, Viewed on 15 May 2008, Jackson Susan E. , May Karen E. , Whitney Kristina, Understanding the Dynamics of Diversity in Decision-Making Teams, 1995, Viewed on 10 May 2008, Kreitner Robert and Kinicki Angelo, Organizational Behavior, 3rd ed. , Boston, Richard D. Irwin, 1989. Managementconsultingcourses. com, Managerial Decision Making, Vi ewed on 14th May 2008, Robbins Stephen P. , Organizational Behavior, 6th ed. , Englewood Cliffs, N. J, Prentice-Hall, 1993. Robbins Stephen P. , and Coulter Mary, Management, 7th ed. , Delhi, Pearson Education, 2002. Stoner James A. F. , Freeman Edward and Gilbert Daniel R. , Management, 6th ed. , Englewood Cliffs, N. J. , Prentice-Hall, 1995. Tarricone Pina and Luca Joe, Successful teamwork: A case study, 2002, Viewed on 14 May 2008, Tony Brabazon, Behavioral Finance: A new sunrise or a false dawn? , 2000, Viewed on 14 May 2008, The problem is clear and unambiguous. A single, well-defined goal is to be achieved. All alternatives and consequences are known. Preferences are clear. Preferences are constant and stable. No time or cost constraints exist. Final choice will maximize payoff. Lead to Rational Decision Making Intuition Experience based decisions Affect-initiated decisions Value or ethics based decisions Subconscious mental processing Cognitive-based decisions Managers make decisions based on their past experience Managers make decisions based on feelings or emotions Managers make decisions based on skills, knowledge and training Managers use data from subconscious mind to help them to make decisions Managers make decisions on ethical values or culture

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Treating Concurrent Disorders Essay - 1700 Words

Mental health is being aware, accepting yourself, and striking a balance in all aspects of your life like social, spiritual, physical, economical, and mental (Association, 2001). Mental health can be described as our positive interactions with the context and events in our life, and having the ability to cope with life’s stressors. Mental health problems can begin at anytime during your life (CAMH, 2010). In fact anything can make it difficult for an individual’s ability to interact effectively, and may lead into a mental health problem (Association, 2001). People with a psychosis have difficulty dealing with day to day. Living in poverty or an abusive environment places serious strain on an individual’s mental health (Association,†¦show more content†¦Some effects that tend to arise with concurrent disorders include disruptive behaviour, severe psychiatric symptoms such as depression, even suicidal feelings. Research suggests that individuals who have a mental illness are more likely to struggle with addiction, and those who struggle with addiction are more likely to develop a mental illness. For example, an individual who is an alcoholic and suffering with chronic depression has a concurrent disorder, or a person who is schizophrenic who also abuses cannabis; they to, have a concurrent disorder (Network, 2008; Association C. M.). Other combinations include anxiety disorder and a drinking problem, mood disorder and a crack cocaine problem, even depression and the misuse of sleeping pills (Network, 2008). Studies from the 1980’s and 1990’s found that 50-75% of substance abuse client’s had some type of co-occurring mental illness, and 20-50% of mental illness client’s had co-occurring substance abuse disorder (David Capuzzi, 2008, p. 174). Besides its relationship to mental illness, substance abuse was found to drastically complicate treatment outcomes for those with a mental illness (David Capuzzi, 2008, p. 174). The more that is learned about concurrent disorders, the more it is expected that substance abuse and mental health occur together. However people who have a concurrent disorder are sometimes misidentified, becauseShow MoreRelatedSolution Focused Group Therapy for Depressed Individuals1360 Words   |  6 Pagestreatments of treating disorders of depression. However, some researchers claim that these therapies have substantial methodological weaknesses. Concerning disorders of anxiety, yoga and exercise have shown to have a positive influence, but researchers have provided limited data on the impacts of exercises on disorders of anxiety. 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Information system (IS) can be... free essay sample

Information system (IS) can be defined as an organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks, data resources, and policies and procedures that stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates information in an organization. Today, we mainly depend on IS to communicate worldwide in a more effective and efficient way using a variety of physical devices (hardware) , information processing instructions and procedures (software) , communications channels (networks) , and stored data (data resources) according to OBrien, ;Marakas, 2007.Hasan ;Shamsuddin;Aziati (2013), are category that there is more stress on most organizations to make their operational, tactical, and strategic processes to become more efficient and effective with the growth of a competitive global environment. Therefore, an information system (IS) is also a group of components which can increase competitiveness and gain better information for decision making. In addition to supporting decision making, coordination, and control, information systems may also help managers and workers to analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new products. Information system has been of immense help to the organisation during the year 1960s with the transformation of office automation to replace manual task. The backbone of office automation is a LAN, which allows users to transmit data, mail and even voice across the network. All office functions, including dictation, typing, filing, copying, fax, Telex, microfilm and records management, telephone and telephone switchboard operations, fall into this category. However the use of IS was mostly to perform activities like transaction processing, recordkeeping, and produce meaningful reports and it was mainly used for electronic data processing (EDP).EDP is described as the use of computers in recording, classifying, manipulating, and summarizing data. It is also called information processing or automatic data processing. Record-KeepingTo take corrective action, all company need records of its activities for financial and regulatory purposes as well as for finding the causes of problems. Information system uses a data warehouse which is a single, complete and consistent manner, where data are obtained from a variety of different sources made available to end users in what they can understand and use in a business context. Microsoft office software (word and excel) is an example of such tool that can read, amend, search or add any data by using the system to process and present it as useful, present or historical information. Today the need of such information is utmost important to prepare cost estimates and forecasts and to analyze how our actions affected the company key indicators. In the account department, for example, it helps manage invoices, paying, collecting and reporting with consistency and performing to the highest standards. Data which are stored in the information system, allow user to later search, use, update or delete. Even in the administrative area information system were integrated with the accounting and financial system to increase efficiency. It reduces the number of tasks that would otherwise need to do manually. IS helps to gain more time to work on more value added project to the business, allowing organization to become innovator and giving more incentive. Some examples and advantages of record keeping are:†¢ It helps you record business transactions, including income and expenses, payments to workers, and stock and asset details.†¢ Less storage space are required therefore it is Efficient way to keep financial records. †¢ It helps by providing the recording a sale when you raise an invoice, not when you receive a cash payment from a client.†¢ Easy to generate orders, invoices, debtor reports, financial statements, employee pay records, inventory reports.†¢ It provides quick reporting functions.†¢ Back up records and keep them in a safe place in case of fire or theft is one of its powerful toolsDecision-MakingIn most organization, information system can help to make better decisions by delivering all the required information and by modeling the results of their decisions. This includes choosing a path of action from a number of options and carrying out the equivalent tasks. Accurate and up-to-date information gives more confidence for decision making. One can use the information system to run different scenarios if more than one choice looks appealing. To determine key indicators such as sales, costs and profits, the system can help you determine which alternative gives the most advantageous result for each possibility. Time-keeping Normally workers who work per hour are paid in accordance to their working hours during the pay period. A time-keeping system is used by the employer to calculate hours and pay hourly employees accordingly. However, it is critical to input each employees time as accurate as possible. An employer uses a time clock to track work hours of his employee. Therefore, we require a manual payroll system for computing the time clock data by hand; this result to likelihood of mistakes. On the other hand an automated time-keeping system allows the employer to import time clock data into payroll software. Nowadays, to clock in and out, the employee uses a swipe card or badge, or the hand print or fingerprint method. It is an online processing method, once there is an input, the entries go immediately into the payroll software, and the software calculates the time worked. In the payroll department the operating staff member should ensure the time is transported appropriately and gives the go ahead to the software to do the operation.Some examples of Payroll software are QuickBooks, PenSoft, Z-Pay, Ultipro and Sage Peachtree which calculates gross-to-net earnings based data received. It is therefore utmost important that input are accurate so as to have good result. Davoren,( 2018)Implementation of MRP/ERPAnother evolution of IS, is in the field of manufacturing through the introduction of Material Requirements Planning (MRP) in the year 70s-80s. The MRP is a computerized inventory management system that helps production managers plan and schedule the purchase of raw materials and com ponent parts for manufacturing facilities. The (MRP) combined data from both production schedules and inventory system and the bill of materials (BOM) to calculate purchasing and shipping schedules for good, services and works. Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) and Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II), later evolved into ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)The ERP are applied in the areas such as:? The Accounting department (account payable/receivable etc)? The Human resources department (payroll, time sheets, training etc)? The Manufacturing process (bill of materials, QC, managing the manufacturing process etc)? The Supply chain management (stock control, purchasing, scheduling)? Customer relationship management (sales and marketing, support and customer service)? Project management (managing costs, forecasting, time and activities)? The quality assurance management (verification of product specification before giving release)? Data warehousing (document management: Track both short-term and long-term data in the wo rld of financial plans, workforce allocation plans, marketing, inventory, and other aspects of business)Benefit of ERP system in an organization: Source: www.workwisellc.comOperations ManagementTo manage your companys operations depends largely on the information you have. Todays Information systems can offer full and up to date information, so that you can operate your company more efficiently. Information systems can be used to gain more cost advantage and differentiate yourself to your competitors by offering better customer service. For example sales data give you indication about what customers are procuring and let you replenish items that are selling well. With information system, you can streamline your operations (organization or system) more efficient and effective by promoting faster or simpler working methods. However to achieve the maximum benefits from your companys information system, you have to exploit all its capacities. Greater advantage is achieved with Information systems by processing the data from company inputs to generate data that is useful for managing and controlling your operations. The following steps can be taken to increase the information systems effectiveness; more data can be added to make the information more precise or use the information in a new way.? Production efficiency –investing on a fully automated machine that will render production more efficient since no thinking is needed by the machine, therefore less human error and no losses. ? Accuracy and reliability – once an automated machine is programmed to perform a task over and over again, the accuracy and reliability compared to an i ndividual is far greater.? Reducing human error – since no one is perfect, and we are all prone to making mistakes. This is the reason why a machine that performs repeated tasks is less likely to make mistakes than an individual.? Reduce costs – introducing automated machines to an operation, means less employees are needed to get the job done. It also indicates less safety issues, which leads to financial savings. With less people are employed, there are numerous costs that are diminished or reduced such as payroll, benefits, sick days.? Increased safety – with automated machines means having less employees who perform tasks that can be dangerous and prone to injury, which can make the work environment safer.? Increase in production volume – investing in automated equipment creates a valuable resource for large production volumes, which in turn, will increase profitability.Communication SystemsThe routine task of management is gathering and sharing of information, and information systems can make this process more efficient by allowing managers to communicate rapidly. Todays managers can use information systems even more efficiently by storing documents in folders on a shared files using network, that they share with the employees who need information The use of email, video conferencing, video call are quick and effective. Each employee can communicate additional information by making changes that the system tracks. The manager collects the inputs and sends the newly revised document to his target audience. This type of communication lets employees, customers and suppliers collaborate in a systematic and efficient way. Markgraf, (Updated 2018)To ConcludeImplementing information systems within an organization can prove to be costly. Implementation costs include not only installation of the systems but also employee training sessions. Most of the time, employees may see the innovation of an existing systems as an unwarranted change and, thus, may resist this change. Very often resistance to such changes can led business operations inactive and thus harming the business. Therefore the organization should have strong leadership in place to assess the adequacy of the decision to have an information system. As well as to guide the company through such transition phase and weigh information systems cost against the potential benefits.

Pride and Prejudice Essays (453 words) - Mr. Darcy, Romance Novels

In fact, Pride and Prejudice was originally entitled First Impressions. However, the novel is not only about first impressions. Although we can find the first impressions about the characters through the first few chapters, this book shows us the effects of those impressions on the individual characters--prejudices of the characters. The story almost evenly describes the defects of Fitzwilliam Darcy who show "pride" at the beginning of the novel; he speaks carelessly and insultingly to Elizabeth Bennet, and George Wickham who deceives others on purpose and conceals his truthless character. Elizabeth misunderstood both of them at first because of her prejudice. At first I have assumed that the title of this novel alludes clearly to Darcy's "pride" and Elizabeth's "prejudice." I also thought that the novel tells how Darcy and Elizabath overcome their pride and prejudice. However, I realize that this over simplifies the author's purpose. We can certainly see that Elizabeth has "pride" as much as Darcy has. She is proud of her intelligence, comprehension and independence. Actually, Darcy's pride disappears quite a bit early in this novel. By chapter 6, he is starting to change his attitudes towards her. He is humbling himself to be close to her. This shows Darcy's change: "But no sooner had he made it to clear to himself and his friends that she had hardly a good feature in her face, than he began to find it was rendered uncommonly intelligent by the beautiful expression of her dark eye" (16 page) "He began to wish to know more of her, and as a step towards conversing with her himself, attended to her conversation with others." From this point, Darcy's prejudice against Elizabeth begins to fade while her prejudice towards him still remains because he refused to dance with her at the ball. Her prejudice spreads throughout the book, and that prejudice is an outcome of her wounded pride. The main subject of this novel is courtship and marriage. Jane Austen, the author of Pride and Prejudice, shows and indirectly criticizes the 18th century England's rural society and the pride of high class through several people's marriages who are in different social position. Although the novel talks about the marriage and courtship, it's main focus is on pride and prejudice that complicates marriage and courtship. This difficulty is apparant in Darcy and Elizabeth's relationship. Elizabeth refuses to take Darcy's hand in marriage at first because she still has her prejudice towards Darcy. The happy ending of this novel suits the novel because it stresses the point that pride and prejudice can be overcome. Hence, nothing in Austin's novel is pointless or distracting from the main theme--pride and prejudice