William Shakespeare Remains A Powerful Literary Force To

William Shakespeare remains a powerful literary force to this day, and few of Shakespeare s works are as well-known as Macbeth. The play s epic tale of ambition and greed never fails to captivate audiences. The major themes of this quintessential work are hackneyed in the world of literary criticism: the role of ambition in Macbeth s demise, the role of spirits and witches in carrying out evil, the corrupting of human morals, and many other similar themes. However, another equally important theme is the struggle of fate and free will. In Macbeth, fate is the dominant force; the characters brief attempts to exercise self control almost always fail to alter the unyielding weight of fate. Fate is the dominant force in the play, and this†¦show more content†¦This can be observed in two places specifically. Firstly, upon hearing the utterances, Macbeth s demeanor alters drastically; Macbeth quickly transitions from a nobleman who exudes the very essence of chivalry to an ambitio us usurper (Act 1.3). Macbeth demonstrates this when he first reacts to being granted the title of Thane of Cawdor : The Thane of Cawdor lives. Why do you dress me in borrowed robes? (Act 1.3 Line 108). Macbeth is so chivalrous that he at first refuses the title and dress that does not rightly belong to him. However, upon realizing that the prophecy contains an element of truth, the enchanting allure of the prophecy imparts a sinister element upon Macbeth. He exclaims, Stars, hide your fires; let not light see my black and deep desires (Act 1.4 Lines 50-51). Undergoing such a change in personality is uncharacteristic for even the most capricious characters. Does Macbeth really swing from a virtuous thane to a man of evil in the course of a single scene? Or, do the witches sinister sayings corrupt his receiving mind? The witches demonstrate the remarkable power of altering the world and men, and Macbeth s corruption adds more proof of the unceasing power of fate in this play. In add ition, Lady Macbeth is also made victim by the foul prophecy. Not much is known about Lady Macbeth s normal demeanor, but clues can be found when Macbeth greets her , My dearest love, Duncan comes here tonight (Act 1.5. Line 56). Would chivalrous MacbethShow MoreRelatedTransgressing Prescribed Gender Roles in Shakespeare Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pagesmost engaging, witty, intelligent, and lovable female characters. Rosalind is the epitome of Elizabethan femininity: beautiful, chaste, and charitable; and yet she is able to transcend traditional gender boundaries to become a powerful masculine figure, allowing Shakespeare to call into question the serious nature of gender and identity, while also adding to the comic relief of the play through the use of dramatic irony. The serious potential of transgressing gender roles is explored through RosalindsRead MoreSonnet 18 vs. Sonnet 75 Essay1079 Words   |  5 PagesSonnet 75 by Edmund Spenser as well as sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare eternal lines (l.9) employs the theme of immortality. The poet tries to achieve immortality for his lover. In the sonnets, both personas state that their lover will be immortal So long lives this, and this gives life to thee (l.14). Both sonnets convey a message that even though the poet writes the sonnet the subject matter immortality is in the hands of external force; the readers/ auditors so long as men can breath orRead MoreMacbeth by William Shakespeare: Lady Macbeths Loss of Control1253 Words   |  4 PagesIn Macbeth by William Shakespeare, Lady Macbeth s desire for power prompts her interest in controlling Macbeth s actions; consequently, when she loses control of Macbeth, she loses control of herself. Lady Macbeth relies on Macbeth to be the brawn so she can be the brain; she has somewhat of a symbiotic relationship with him. After the murder of Duncan, Macbeth slowly starts losing the need for and interest in Lady Macbeth. 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The fruit of the power of ambition is clearly evident nearly everywhere we turn in present society, as exciting innovations, spellbinding humanitarian action, and glorious successes are now able to be beheld and admiredRead More Prospero’s Abuse of Power in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay1311 Words   |  6 PagesProspero’s Abuse of Power in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeares The Tempest, Prospero lives with his daughter Miranda on a deserted island.   On the surface, he appears to be a benevolent leader doing his best to protect and care for the inhabitants of the island, especially for Miranda.   On closer inspection, however, Prospero plays God, controlling and creating each individual to fit the mold he desires.   He takes advantage of his authority over the people and situations he encountersRead MoreThe Establishment Of The Kingdom Of Italy1553 Words   |  7 Pages The Risorgimento, 19th-century, was a movement aiming for Italian unification that culminated in the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. The Risorgimento was an ideological and literary movement that helped to arouse the national consciousness of the Italian people, and it led to a series of political events that freed the Italian states from foreign domination and united them politically (â€Å"Risorgimento,† n.d.). Giuseppe Verdi was a significant contributor to the political reunificationRead MoreEssay about Comparing Shakespeares Othello and Nelsons O2076 Words   |  9 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Othello Tim Blake Nelson’s â€Å"O† each demonstrate the issues of their respective contexts through the chosen mediums of both composers. Shakespeare’s Othello uses the medium of theatre to present ideas such as jealousy, appearance versus reality and racism through a variety of literary techniques while also encompassing the conventions of a classic Shakespearean tragedy. These ideas remain universally relevant in Blake Nelson’s modern day adaptation â€Å"O† which parallels the ideasRead More Mary, Eve, and Lilith in Shakespeares King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth3162 Words   |  13 PagesMary, Eve, and Lilith in King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   Feminist criticism often explores the symbolic or archetypal use of the Biblical figures of Mary and Eve in literary criticism. One figure which seems appropriate to such discussions, but so far neglected it seems, is the figure of Lilith. Indeed, in the case of Shakespearean criticism, Lilith seems an appropriate model at times for such characters as Goneril, Regan, Lady Macbeth, and so forth. Accordingly, it is my intention toRead MoreEssay about Was Shakespeare Really in Love?1825 Words   |  8 PagesWas Shakespeare Really in Love? William Shakespeare is arguably one of the best playwrights of all time, and he is certainly one of the most well-known writers in the history of literature. Shakespeare is a classic example of how art and literature can touch so many people’s lives and hearts. His work has been enjoyed by millions of people for four hundred years, and today, his plays are still being performed daily all over the world. He wrote a total of thirty-seven plays and 154 sonnets

A Brief Introduction to Methods of Word Formation in English

A Brief Introduction to Methods of Word Formation in English I. Introduction Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest known activities in descriptive linguistics have been attributed to Panini around 500 BCE, with his analysis of Sanskrit in Ashtadhyayi. The first subfield of linguistics is the study of language structure, or grammar. This focuses on the system of ruled followed by the users of a language. It includes the study of morphology (the formation and composition of words), syntax (the formation and composition of phrases and sentences from these words), and†¦show more content†¦There are many other examples of back-formation in the English language. 3. Acronym An acronym is an abbreviation formed from the initial components in a phrase or a word. These components may be individual letters (as in CEO) or parts of words (as in Benelux and Ameslan). There is no universal agreement on the precise definition of various names for such abbreviations nor on written usage. In English and most other languages, such abbreviations historically had limited use, but they became much more common in the 20th century. Acronyms are a type of word formation process, and they are viewed as a subtype of blending. There are many different types of the word-formation process acronym. Here are several pairs of them. (1) Pronounced as a word, containing only initial letters, like the followings. AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization Scuba: self-contained underwater breathing apparatus Laser: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (2) Pronounced as a word, containing non-initial letters Amphetamine: alpha-mehyl-phenethylamine Interpol: International Criminal Police Organization Nabisco: National Biscuit Company (3)Pronounced as a word, containing a mixture of initial and non-initial letters Necco: New England Confectionery Company Radar: radio detection and ranging 4. Clipping In linguistics, clipping is theShow MoreRelatedOn the Latest Development of Modern English Vocabulary4256 Words   |  18 PagesOn the Latest Development of Modern English Vocabulary Abstractï ¼Å¡ As one of the three elements of language, vocabulary is sensitive to the fastest change. Modern English vocabulary distributed in many areas always keeps developing. Though scholars at home and abroad make great progress on English new words, it is far from satisfaction. This paper, which is based on the previous findings, begins with the definition of English new words and its study actuality. As new vocabulary is a mirror of socialRead MoreShortening of Words and Their Features9064 Words   |  37 Pages [pic] In Lexicology On the topic: Shortening of words and their features Done by: Kudratova L. Group 309 Checked by: Muminov O. M Tashkent 2013 CONTENTS I. Introduction. 1.1. Common characteristics of the course paper 2.1. General definition of homonyms II. The Main Part 1.2. Shortening of spoken words 2.2. Blendening of words 3.2. Back formation 4.2. Back formation as a source for shortening of words III. Conclusion 1.3. Total review of the subject discussed 2.3. TheRead MoreThe Subject-Matter of the Contrastive Lexicology of English and Ukrainian3384 Words   |  14 PagesChapter 1. The subject-matter of the contrastive lexicology of English and Ukrainian 1. Fundamentals 1.1. Object of lexicology. 1.2. Subdivisions of lexicology. 2. Tasks of contrastive lexicology. Its theoretical and practical value. The gift of language is the single human trait that marks us all genetically from the rest of life . Lewis Thomas. The Lives of aRead MoreLanguage Learning Methods Of Listening3137 Words   |  13 PagesLANGUAGE LEARNING METHODS Listening Comprehension in Cognitivist, Meta-Cognitivist and Behavioristic Based Language Learning Methods Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch Khonein University Professor: Dr. Rajabi December 14, 2011 Abstract The study tried to show the role of listening comprehension in cognitivist, meta-cognitivist and behavioristic based language learning methods. Reviewing the literature it was found that listening has different roles in the methods. It was foundRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of Tenses in Newspapers Headlines and Reports3368 Words   |  14 PagesA Comparative Analysis of Tenses in Newspapers Headlines and Reports Introduction. The aim of this course paper is to compare tenses used in newspapers headlines and reports on the analytical basis, and to find out for what particular reasons the usage of tenses in headlines and newspaper articles differ. First, I am going to focus on the characteristics of different functional styles found in the English language. In the light of oratorical, colloquial, poetic, official and other styles, weRead MoreA Differentiated Unit That Incorporates A Range Of Innovative Learners6925 Words   |  28 Pageseastern suburbs of Melbourne. The school has 862 students from Foundation to grade 6. The school draws students from Sandringham and its neighbouring suburbs. 72.1% of the residents living in Sandringham East are born in Australia and 87.2% only speak English at home (Qpzm Local Stats Victoria, 2016). The culture and demographic of the school emulates this. The Classroom?s Layout The classroom is modern and relatively new as the school has been extended only recently. Within the classroom infrastructureRead MoreLexicography as a Science of Dictionary-Making6054 Words   |  25 Pagesthe course: Introduction to the Contemporary English Philology Theme: Lexicography as a science of dictionary-making Student: Gavrilin M Year 1 Term 2 Faculty of foreign languages Group 11/2 Teacher of a foreign language: Akhrenova N.A. Kolomna 2007 Contents Introduction 1. Lexicography as a science 2. Dictionary: notion, functions, classification, components 3. The characteristics of Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners Ending List of used literature Introduction It’s well knownRead MoreSeven Environmental Principles2614 Words   |  11 Pagesalso deeper insights as to its application in their own field of expertise. Thus the study of political science will also include the empirical investigation of political facts through social research and the application of critical thinking. The key words in the comprehensive analysis on the principles of political science are state, government, law, institution, power relationships, legal process, constitutions and politics. These are the important dimensions to study political science that need toRead MoreEtymological Survey of the English Word3269 Words   |  14 PagesPlan Introduction 1. Survey of certain historical facts   1.1 The occupation of Roman Empire. 1.2. Period of Celts invasion 1.3 Period of Latin, Scandinavian and Norman French borrowings.   1.4 The Renaissance Period 2. Etymology. The English word-stock 2.1 The most characteristic features, of English word-stock 2.2 Words of Native Origin 2.3 Criteria of borrowings in English Conclusion Sources Introduction It is true that English vocabulary, which is one of theRead MoreTESOL english answers Essay8761 Words   |  36 Pageshave a clear idea of learners needs in Business TESOL than in General English? 2.Describe the difference between an organization’s need and the cognitive needs of an individual? 3.Why is it important to consider the learners cultural background and interest when planning a class? 4.How can online sources and other electronic tools play important roles when designing and delivering a business class? 5.How can the lexical method be used to teach grammar points with business vocabulary in context

Hank Aaron Free Essays

Hank Aaron Henry Louis â€Å"Hank† Aaron Born February 5, 1934 , Nicknamed â€Å"Hammer†, Or â€Å"Hammerin Hank†, Is A Retired American Baseball Right Fielder Who Played 23 Seasons In Major League Baseball From 1954 To 1976 . Aaron Was Considered To Be One Of The Greatest Baseball Players Of All Time . Background : Hank Aaron Is Widely Regarded As One Of The Greatest Hitters Of In The History Of Baseball . We will write a custom essay sample on Hank Aaron or any similar topic only for you Order Now For Nearly 23 Years , Aaron Played As An Outfielder For The Braves And The Milwaukee Brewers . He Was Setting Several Records And Winning Honors . Aaron Continues To Hold Many Of Baseball Records Including , Runs Batted , Extra Base Hits , Total Bases , And Most Years With 30 Or More Home Runs . For More Than Two Decades , Aaron Held The Record For Most Career Home Runs (755) . Early Life : Born Henry Louis Aaron On February 5 , 1934 . Hank Aaron Was Born In Mobile , Alabama . Aaron And His Family Moved To The Middle-Class Toulminville Neighborhood When He Was 8 Years Old. Aaron Developed A Strong Affinity For Baseball And Football At A Young Age, And Tended To Focus More Heavily On Sports Than His Studies. During His Freshman And Sophomore Years , He Attended Central High School, A Segregated High School In Mobile, Where He Excelled At Both Football And Baseball. On The Baseball Diamond , He Played Shortstop And Third Base . In His Junior Year , Aaron Transferred To The Josephine Allen Institute , A Neighboring Private School That Had An Organized Baseball Program . Before The End Of His First Year At Allen , He Had More Than Proved His Abilities On The Baseball Field. Then, Perhaps Sensing That He Had A Bigger Future Ahead Of Him , In 1951 , The 18-Year-Old Aaron Quit School To Play For The Negro Baseball League’s Indianopolis Clowns . Famous For : He Had The MLB Record For Most Career Home Runs Of 755 Until Barry Bonds Broke The Record . He Hit 24 Or More Home Runs Every Year From 1955 Through 1973 , And Is The Only Player To Hit 30 Or More Home Runs In A Season At Least 15 Times . He Is One Of Only Four Players To Have At Least 17 Seasons With 150 Or More Hits . Hank Aaron Broke Babe Ruth’s All The Home Run Record Babe Ruth Had Hit 714 Home Runs During His Baseball Career . Legacy : In 1974 , After Tying The Babe On Opening Day In Cincinnati , Aaron Came Home With His Team . On April 15 , He Banged Out His Record 715th Homerun At 9:07 p. m. In The Fourth Inning Against The Los Angeles Dodgers . It Was A Triumph And A Relief . The More Than 50,000 Fans On Hand Cheered Him On As He Rounded The Bases . There Were Fireworks And A Band , And When He Crossed Home Plate , Aaron’s Parents Were There To Greet Him . Overall , Aaron Finished The 1974 Season With 20 Homeruns . He Played Two More Years , Moving Back To Milwaukee To Finish Out His Career To Play In The Same City Where He’d Started . After Retiring As A Player , Aaron Moved Into The Atlanta Braves Front Office As Executive Vice-President , Where He Has Been A Leading Spokesman For Minority Hiring In Baseball. He Was Elected To Baseball’s Hall of Fame In 1982 . His Autobiography , I Had A Hammer, Was Published In 1990 . In 1999, To Celebrate The 25th Anniversary Of Breaking Ruth’s Record , Major League Baseball Announced The Hank Aaron Award , Given Annually To The Best Overall Hitter In Each League . How to cite Hank Aaron, Papers

Restoring Happiness Essay Example For Students

Restoring Happiness Essay As the door opens, you are enveloped in the smell of sweet cinnamon and apple floating through the air. The chuckle of uncle Jeff, the kind of laugh where he laughs so hard he starts coughing like its the funniest thing he has heard in his lifetime. Everyone knows its not really that funny though. He is probably just laughing at something he said while everyone else is laughing just because he is such a character. The twinkling christmas tree sits in the corner just past the family on the couch. Presents are nestled under the loose, low hanging limbs right beside the train track and porcelain town. Down the hallway, pleasant and nostalgic christmas songs are playing while mom is setting the table with plates, flowers and holly decoration. Christmas used to be a time where families could come together and enjoy each others presence, but it is no longer common. It created a warm feeling deep in our souls, the feeling of love and comfort. Throughout the years, modern culture has changed the holiday experience from warm and loving to a season revolved around out devices. I attribute this lack of holiday experience with the rise of technology: increased the ideal of gifts, decreased the religious impact, and has changed the way we interact with loved ones. In present day, presents on christmas have become a necessity and social normality, and technology has affected where we shop, what we give, and how we give presents to others. In the past, Christmas was a gift in itself. Getting to see your family, having a great home cooked meal, and basking in the joy of the season. It is not that simple anymore, families are expected to fork out outstanding amounts of money on gifts for not only their children but loved ones and distant family. Technology has been a supporter this unhealthy trend, now even if you may not see the family you have across the world you are expected to send them e-gifts. We no longer get the experience of going out and finding the perfect gift for our family, we simply buy them a gift card or another gift that has no significance. There are few who do take time in looking for the perfect, meaningful gift and the rising popular online shopping is the way they do it. Without shopping in the stores, there is a sense of bonding and family time that is lost. All of the family going out to the city and picking out gifts for one another and trying to sneak around without them seeing you buy it for them. The process of the purchasing power of the online shopper is a vicious cycle, although convenient in our busy lifestyles, it leaves families sitting in their rooms on their phones or laptops wasting the quality time they could be having. Not only does technology hurt our bonding time, it also has become a large priority in life. Technology has become a significant part of our lives, from our phones, to laptops, to iPads, to almost anything around us. The need for the latest and best technology is in high demand, wanting to be able to post a picture of your new Iphone 6 on Instagram for everyone to see and be jealous. Competition has become fierce, and parents are feeling the heat around the seasons to supply their children with the latest and greatest, or they are deemed the worst parents ever! Ideals have changed, needs have increased, families are struggling, technology is changing our needs for gifts. Not only has technology has changed our needs during the season, it has also changed the religious culture. With the increase of technology, there becomes a vast amount of information at our disposal without much of a filter. This allows for just about anyone to be able to access just about anything online, any time of the day, and anywhere. It creates an opening in the world for religious intolerance and the evil that surrounds it. .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44 , .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44 .postImageUrl , .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44 , .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44:hover , .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44:visited , .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44:active { border:0!important; } .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44:active , .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44 .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0f9d0e34f64528504ecc3e1c9db87b44:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Discuss the Role of the Concepts of the Seduced and the Repressed for Understanding the Place of Consumption in Contemporary Consumer Society EssayMany videos and pictures have been released showing the gruesome activities performed by some religions and cultures. This information creates a bad look for many cultures, and makes many followers question their faith. Atheism and other non-believers have been frowned upon for many years, but with the wide amount of people and information online, it has become seemingly normal. Since Christmas is a religious holiday, the negative connotation of religion has created a bad look for all religious holidays. Although Christmas, the annual Christian festival celebrating Christs birth on December 25, is a religious celebration, many people still practice it. We have lost the real meaning behind christmas without the religious background, soon children will not even know why we have christmas or go to church, just that it is a day they receive presents and are forced to go hangout with the family they dont even like. Another downfall to technology being so widespread is that it has almost obliterated the idea of Santa Claus. Santa used to be the pride and joy of Christmas, waiting in bed to hear him land on the roof to bring you presents if you were a good little boy or girl. It has become way too easy to just google is Santa real and everything is ruined for your childhood. Finding out that it is mom and dad eating the cookies you made all those years, buying you presents, and writing you cards. Religion is changing throughout the ages and being spread through technology, taking out the spirit very quickly from the holidays. Even though technology has helped us connect with family and loved ones across the world, it has changed the way we interact with the people surrounding us. Technology has become one of the best ways to communicate with people across the world. This is especially great during the holidays, we are able to communicate with them instantaneously. There is no more need for snail mail and having to plan it out to send a card ahead to time just incase the ail gets backed up and doesnt make it on time for the holidays. Instant messaging has been developed to talk to others, and most recently video chatting. Video chatting has opened a new realm of connection across the world, allowing us to stream live video over the internet to talk to one another as if they were in front of us. Video chatting has made it easier for families apart, military families, and anyone who can not make it whether it be a sickness, distance, or time. However, technology has also made us more distant from those right next to us. Technology makes it easy to take each others company for granted, while attempting to communicate with others who could not be here. Sitting in the living room around the fire, were everyone should be sharing how their day went, what they are excited about, but instead sit and play on the phone or computer looking at the lives of others while they could be living theirs. The social media networks create a false sense of happiness, being able to post a picture and pretend they are having the time of their lives when in reality they are doing the very same thing. This mindless act, although convenient and helpful for connecting with distant loved ones, makes us disconnected from the real meaning and reason for the holidays As many sit in the living room not interacting with the family and getting the full experience of the holidays, there are still few out there who celebrate the true meaning. Although as the years pass the more modern technology becomes, hopefully the true meaning of christmas wont be fully lost. Even though the odds are against the holiday spirit with increasing materialistic needs, decreased religious beliefs, and the interaction with one another, there will always be that glimmer of hope and spirit in a childs eyes on Christmas morning that will restore all hope in the world.

Hermit Crab Shell Selection free essay sample

Examines crabs complex decision making process in picking shells to dwell in. INTRODUCTION Research is currently being pursued in shell selection by the hermit crab. Hermit crabs usually are found in empty gastropod shells, seeking protection from predators, desiccation, and other hermit crabs. The hermit crab does not seem to select a place to stay at random but rather appears to have a selection process. Precisely what this process is and how the crab makes a decision as to what shell to select and what shell to reject is the subject of much research. Hermit crabs are considered ideal for research into decision making of this sort. When an animal stops performing one activity, it must decide what activity to perform next, and this is called a decision point. At any time, causal factors for several different potential activities are likely present, and..

Ethics and professional conduct in business

Ethics and professional conduct in business Identifying the technical facts There are some evident ethical implications and moral dilemmas associated with the Rae Properties Inc dilemma. In this case, Jeff’s predicament revolves around two key issues. On the one hand, if he were sincere to the investors he would risk the business, since the probability of getting a tenant at the ninety percent-occupancy rate would be negligible. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and professional conduct in business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, Jeff may perhaps cause the firm to stand a better chance of getting an investor due to the partially hidden details in the prospectus. As a result, if the client discovers these details and decides to act out, Jeff might compromise the reputation of the company and drive away other potential investors in future. Such attack would greatly ruin the company’s reputation. The initial question that Jeff must contemplate and find an answer for is whether he would be reacting ethically by burring very important information in the prospectus. Moral parameters In relation to Buerki and Vottero (2002), on identification of moral parameters, it would be important to be as concise as possible over the extent to which the decision that Jeff makes would have on the reputation of the firm. For instance, what extent would the high break-even occupancy rates affect segments of the clientele? The process of problem analysis and identification should also involve analysis of the effects of legal constrains that are involved. Jeff has catered for any form of legal implications that can arise because the information is not totally omitted but partially concealed. Jeff fails to emphasize the information to take advantage of investors who might not be keen enough. Legal constrains Another ethical issue represented in the case study involves invoking the conscience clause in relation to the law . The investors obviously lack proper information regarding all details of the contract. Like many marketers, Jeff is using a scrupulous method of capturing attention of potential clients due to the influence on sales. Social group and the public in general have different perspective over business need since they feel that an action ought to be driven by consciousness. Jeff needs to analyze his consciousness and validate against the laws governing real estate companies, thus the reason that he need to find a better way of convincing potential client.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Personal judgement of Jeff’s decision The decision Jeff makes during the design of the prospectus ought to enhance the relationship between the company and the potential clients rather than conform to a fixed professional code of ethics or organizational culture. Jeff is interest ed in enhancing measures that assist the firm to maximize profits. Some of this internal bureaucratic rules and regulations are crafted in such a way that they enhance the internal efficiency of the firm, but on the other hand compromise the good relationship with the customers. These are third party Ethical constraints. Jeff is trying to find loopholes for generating more profits from the firm but exploitation clients. What will be the public perception or reputation of the firm if the matter became a court case (in which case the company would easily win)? Is such exploitation ethical in a business setting? Jeff needed to consider these questions, before coming up with structure of the prospectus. His action is arguably justifiable because such an investment requires a keen check of details before signing the deal. Developing alternative courses of action His alternative course of actions must first involve the client. Relevant research can provide some positive reasons why an i nvestor should take the offer by the company regardless of the high rate increase after four years. An ethical dilemma and reasonable data mining just before making the final decision would assist him find a better and ethical marketing strategy, which would not compromise the moral principles of the firm concerning business ethics. References Buerki, R Louis V. (2002). Ethical Responsibility in Pharmacy Practice. Chicago: Amer. Inst. History of Pharmacy Publisher.

Quality and Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Quality and Supply Chain Management - Essay Example The knowledge obtained by basic research will be used to solve investments problems. It will be necessary to evaluate production (storage) capability in term of efficiency, planning and control and inspection methods. Also, it will be necessary to evaluate technical capability: the quality of facilities for design and develop ­ment, production and testing to see if they could ensure quality of output at all stages of distribution; financial capability - to see how stable they are financially and the credit rating of the company; management capability - to see how efficient are the suppliers adminis ­tration systems (Slack et al 2003). According to current analysis, Canbide’s competitors already have distribution facilities near New York. In order to remain competitive, Canbide has to ‘enter’ this region proposing high quality services and low cost transportation for customers. Similarly, the search for competitive advantage will only be successful if based on a strategy of meeting customer needs more effectively than can competitors. This concept of differential advantage lies at the heart of strategic marketing. Distribution facility near New York will help to keep existing customers and attract new clients. For Canbide, cost of transportation facilities has a great impact on ‘project’ profitability and liquidity. If a company needs to deliver goods locally, trucks are an excellent mode. Also, it can be used for both long-haul and transcontinental transport. In regions with well-developed highway systems (in this region there are three interstate highways that lead to major population canters), truck freight provides the highest level of accessibility of any mode. It is important to note that trucks are the main transports used by customers. For this reason, the new facility will help most of them to minimize product transportation (Slack et al

Risk Management Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Risk Management Strategies - Essay Example As a result, more and more small companies are turning to a strategic approach as the way forward. Therefore, it is conclusive that risk planning has a very high significance in the risk management model, and, as secondary research shows, larger firms have more sustainability because they focus on risk planning and opportunity development. A firm's behavior in planning is also affected by the perception of its environment and size, as well as the nature of its activities, but not on the firm's performance. Although all small businesses have an amount of risk, being a new start-up restaurant and producing customer service goods adds further risk. This creates quite a bit more exposure to risks from mismanagement than in larger firms, where a major risk is that "some change will occur that will leave the enterprise beached high and dry," and "enterprises must expect to change drastically and repeatedly in response to changes in customers' wants and purchasing power, in competitors' products and prices, in available technologies, in law and in social expectations" (Goetz p 25 2001). The overall rationale to management is to answer the circumstances that develop risks. In business, the successful management strategy must be resilient in the face of failure, and develop sophisticated business plans because major chains have created competitor risk by raising the bar with strategic planning, which is a large part of their success according to Kep Sweeney (Garber p 88 2006). Sweeney further states that "The critical points in the deal making phase include identifying a new concept, forming a team, raising money and finding real estateYou can engineer out a tremendous amount of risk-and increase your chance of success-with proper planning." (Garber p 88 2006). Historic Role and Function Kerzner (p 876 1998) first identifies risk planning as "the process of developing and documenting an organized, comprehensive and interactive strategy and methods for identifying and analyzing risk issues, developing risk handling plans, and monitoring how risks have changed," to the small business owner, this means that a step by step analysis of proposed risks and their possible changes is an inherent part of risk management. Secondly, Kerzner (p 878 1998) describes risk assessment as "the process of identifying and analyzing program areas and critical technical process risks to increase the likelihood of meeting cost, performance and schedule objectives," this will assist the risk management model by answering to the critical processes that create risks and the businesses responses in those areas. The risk identification process is also shown by Kerzner (p 880 1998) as "process of examining the program areas and each critical technical process to identify and document the associat ed risk," in risk identification, the internal and external factors are described and levelled according to their significance to the program area. For example, while a flood may be a risk, that is minimal if the business currently has a leaking roof. Risk analysis "is the process of examining each identified risk issue to estimate the likelihood of

Black Suffering Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Black Suffering - Term Paper Example The idea of a "suffering God" was put forward by some black theologians who coined the term by re-reading the Bible and comparing it against the backdrop of the hardships, oppression and struggles faced by them (Badham, 1998). In order to interpret the biblical significance of 'liberation' and justice; the black theologians referred to the exodus, and the messages of the prophets. The Gospel story of life, death and resurrection of Jesus was used as a biblical foundation to interpret love, suffering, hope, liberation and justice with regard to the struggle for freedom of the blacks. However, it was the actual suffering of the blacks in various countries across the globe that brought to the fore, a drastic change in the interpretations and reflections of Jesus Christ on the cross (West, Glaude, 2003). The issue of black suffering and black theology The African-American Christians have, historically maintained two fundamental tenets – that of God being the most powerful and kind being, and the existence of evil and suffering. These concepts have been popular throughout the history of black religion, i.e. ever since the beginning of black slavery to the creation of black churches, and continues to thrive, even today in the post-liberation, and post-institutionalized world. The black theology is which developed as a result of the civil rights movement, led to the awakening of a new consciousness among the black Christians, whereby a new sense of dignity and social awareness were realized. It is not only concerned with resolving issues related to culture, but also with the harsh realities experienced by the Blacks in America. However, despite the differences, it does not intend to question the idea of God, but instead connect the ideology conveyed by him, that of the existence of evil and suffering (West, Glaude, 2003). The black theologians primarily emphasize the experiences of blacks as a central aspect of their theological norms. It is argued that the the ological interpretations must commence with issues faced by the blacks and thus, ascertain the relevance of such issues to the religious teachings. Conventionally, there exists a paradox within black theology, where the black believers never blame the God for the sufferings and hardships suffered by the blacks during their racial oppression. On the contrary, the black churches have always preached a gospel justifying and re-emphasizing the sufferings of the black race and its contribution in building a morally strong and positive character. Also, the black suffering has been linked to various positive traits among the blacks such as the development of a strong moral leadership among blacks; as well as the fostering of religious humility which is the ultimate goal (West, Glaude, 2003). As mentioned in God of the Oppressed: â€Å"The cross of Jesus reveals the extent of God's involvement in the suffering of the weak. God is not merely sympathetic with the social pain of the poor but becomes totally identified with them in their agony and pain. The pain of the oppressed is God's pain, for God takes their suffering as God's own, thereby freeing them from its ultimate control of their lives. . . . God in Christ became the Suffering Servant and thus took the humiliation and suffering of the oppressed into God's own history. This divine event that happened on the cross liberated the oppressed to

Standardization And Adaptation In Television Advertising

Standardization And Adaptation In Television Advertising Still in this 21st century television continues to be a prevailing media. Due to the increase in the globalization this world is shrinking at a rapid rate, companies doing business overseas must find new and innovative ways to communicate their brands to the market. Thus, the decision of standardization or adaptation of the advertisements between various nations is of much importance to these companies competing in the international market. The purpose of this paper is to develop a better understanding as to how the multi-national companies standardize and adapt their television advertising. For reaching the conclusion, questions based on the elements of television ads, along with the factors affecting the decision whether to standardize or adapt were identified. On the basis of these questions, analysis of related literature was conducted to form a conceptual framework, which was further utilized to guide this papers data collection. Qualitative case study approach was rendered to c ollect the data, based on the interviews and observing the television commercials of multi-national brands. The conclusion derived shows that there are various appeals that are efficient. For e.g. Emotional appeals are more efficient on young target market, whereas the rational appeals work more efficiently on the older target market. Cost is the key factor which influences the companys decision to adapt a commercial. Whereas regarding the standardization of a television commercial the companys main focus should be the non-geographical elements such as the family culture and humour. Contents 1 Introduction The following chapter will be providing the reader with some background of the area being researched. Problem statement regarding the standardization and adaptation in television ads will be followed by the research. The overall purpose and the related research questions will be concluding this chapter. 1.1 Background Marketing communication is based solely on the method of sharing of the perceptions. The intended message can be successfully communicated only if the senders perceptual field or what we can define as his experience of that brand is in congruence with the perceptual field of the intended market. Thus a message which lands outside the receivers perceptual field has no effect on the receiver. According to Root (1994) the perceptual gaps as well as the encoding and decoding gaps resulting arising due to the cultural differences between the sender and the receiver hinders the communication. Moreover, as a reason of the unawareness of cultures regarding the existence of such gaps the level of communication hindrance increases additionally. In the below figure 1.1, it has been demonstrated by Czinkota and Ronkainen (2004) that efficient communication depends on three main factors: the sender, the receiver and the message. These three factors are interconnected with a message channel. Figure 1: Marketing Communication Process It was also stated by Root (1994) that communication process between the people of the same culture derives an advantage from a high level of congruence in their perceptual fields as well as the similarity between their communication codes. The communication process can be therefore be affected by the cultural hindrance which is justified by Root (1994) saying that many times the sender as well as the receiver of the same culture believe that the message has been clearly understood by them even though it is not the case. Advertising has been defined by Root (1994) as a process of non-personal communication which is sponsored in monetary form to promote a product, a brand or even a company. Advertising has also been recognized as a tool for mass promotion (ibid). According to Laroche and Teng (2006) cultural values are vital for any ad message and it is also a deciding factor for the success of any ad. They have also stated that the people are finding commonalities between then and the ads when their cultural values are embodied in those ads. The vice versa happens when their values are not matching the ad. The assignment of delivering the message to the people is given to the advertising media. Radio, print, television, cinema, hoardings and other outdoors are the leading media considerable for this task. The advertisers are able to demonstrate the service or the product in motion using a number of choices of elements available for this task. The right combination of these elements during the making of the television ad so as to give the message a strong probability of catching the attention of the consumer and getting the message to him is vital to achieve the desired impression on the mind of the consumer. 1.2 Problem Discussion Television ads can also be used to boost the image of the product by showing the product in motion along with the ability to use colour and sound for constructing a desirable environment surrounding the product. The centre of this paper will be television commercials, due to the various factors of television such as vision, colour, sound and motion which are very crucial in presenting the message. Moreover, the study of Brassington and Pettitt (2000) showing that motion ads are considered superior for the generation of emotional appeals also is a factor for the concentration of this paper towards television commercials. The decision of the standardization or adoption of television ad at an international level resides mainly to the manager and his manipulations towards the promotional mix elements. People who support standardization argue by saying that the current trend in the marketing world is of creating the products and marketing them in the same way in all the nations without considering the differences in the various cultures. But when manager sees much higher level of differences in the lifestyles as well as economies of the target market population he renders a higher level of adaption instead of going for the standardization. On the other hand supporters of standardization justifies themselves by saying that using same ads in the overseas markets would help them to achieve lower costs as well as establish a corporate image on a global level. Again the people in support of adaptation say that this wont help them in entrenching themselves into the local markets. According to Root (1994) nations vary widely in quality, availability, cost of marketing, etc. Thus, marketers should thoroughly embody the various cultural variables into their ads as it seems to have a great impact on influencing the consumer as well his buying decision. The research conducted by Chandra (2002) shows that various adaptations in an ads slogan, jingle, theme as well as idiomatic symbols, expressions and colours make the adaption in an ad mandatory. He also stated that it is vital for firm to adapt their marketing campaigns to the regional market targeted in order to realize the profits. Bottom lining this standardization vs. adaptation debate are the factors of economic savings in case of using standardized marketing strategies and the maximum realization of profits in case of adaptation of the strategies so to fit into the local target market. Bradley and Sousa (2005) concluded in their studies non-regional population is likely to be less reactive to the ads which dont match to their cultures. Thus it is mandatory for successful marketing in other nations that the marketers to understand the target populations cultural traits. According to Melewar and Vemmervik (2004) products and brands can, for a time, sustain the cultural difference and homogenization, but this is not the case with ads as they are much more dependent on influencing the consumers through the marketing elements which are closely tied to the culture of those consumers. Due to the use of such verbal and visual factors such as the scenes, regional language and models the ad tends to be effective and hence deriving profits. 1.3 Purpose and Research Question Based on the discussion in the previous section, the purpose of this seminar paper is to provide a better understanding of how the companies standardize or adapt their television commercials in the international markets. Two problem questions are formulated for the reason of helping us to acquire the knowledge required to accomplish the stated purpose. PQ 1. How the elements of television ads that are standardized or adapted can be described? PQ 2. How the factors influencing the decision to standardize or adapt be described? 2 Literature Review This chapter presents an overview of the researches related to the questions stated. This chapter will be starting with studying the elements of television ads. Then studies relating to the factors influencing the choice of standardize or to adapt will be discussed. In the end, a conceptual framework for this paper will be presented. 2.1 Elements In Television Advertising It is concluded in the research of Melewar and Vemmervik (2004) that particularly the Visual and Verbal elements embedded in the ads are more dependent on the differences among cultures. They further stated that the dependence of the effectiveness of the ad is directly proportional to the use of local scenes, models as well as the regional language. Another element Appeal was added by Laroche and Teng (2006). APPEALS Ad Appeals can be defined as a message communicated to the consumers so as to motivate them to buy the related product/service. The choice of the Appeal is the key factor associated with the ads. Kelley and Turley classified them into two categories: Rational Appeal and Emotional Appeal. Rational ads rise from the traditional communication model where the recipient is assumed to make reasonable rational decision. Such ads show the benefits of the product by demonstrating its quality, value, performance and economy and generate self-interest in the mind of the target customer. In contrast to Rational Appeal, Emotional Appeals rely on the emotional perceptions of the consumer. These ads, generally being experimental, generally tend to make the recipient feel good about the relevant product/service generating a likeliness or friendliness towards the brand. Emotional Appeals tend to bring up the negative and positive emotions in the mind of the recipient in order to motivate them for a buying. The negative emotions may include fear, shame or guilt appeals making people do things they should or stopping them for doing things they shouldnt. Whereas, positive emotions include appeals like love, humour, pride or joy. (Albers-Miller and Stafford, 1999) Laroche and Teng (2006) in their recent study have stated that there exists different appeals among different cultures which are able to impact the target consumer in the most efficient manner. And the ad wont be able to achieve the desired result if the target consumer fails to find similarities between themselves and the ads characteristics. Furthermore it is also observed that these variances in the Appeals between the West and the East date back to the ancient times. The reason behind this is thought to be the influence of the Greek philosophers on the culture of the west, emphasizing on Verbal communication. (Muller, 1992) The experimentation on marketing campaigns using violence and shocking appeals were reviewed by Anderson, Hedelin and Nilsson (2004). During the review they concluded that the use of sex as well as violence produced negative impacts on both male as well as the female recipients making it difficult for them to interpret the same message that was tried to be conveyed through that ad. They also found out that there exists a difference among the sexes in the interpretation of the messages. The females were able to relate themselves with the commercials when children are displayed. VERBAL ELEMENTS It has been stated by Nelson and Paek (2007) that the language used in the ad is of much more importance than most marketers realize. Stewart (1994) also supported this thesis by saying that the importance of the use of the regional language becomes a vital factor when the ad is using a dramatized plot approach. The only thing that should be taken care of is that the use of dialects and vernaculars may be interpreted as stereotyping which may not be consumed positively by the local population. Chart : Ducan and Ramprasads (1995) survey illustrating majority of brands opting for adoption of regional language in their ads VISUAL ELEMENTS According to Hewett, Madden and Roth (1999) colour being and significant part of the products, their logos and their packaging is a powerful tool in positioning the brand into the minds of the consumer. It has been stated in the studies conducted by Greenberg and Solomon (1993) it requires a great effort on the part of the directors as well as set creators and many others to choose a scenery and location and numerous other factors like the tone as well as the nuance of the print on which the ad is supposed to be executed. These experts in their respective fields strive to create a compelling environment that will be executed on the ad agencys vision of a way to reinforce the targeted products intended brand image into the mind of the recipient. An influential and persuasive message can be delivered by the product if the ad is well-crafted and presented in a manner which is sensible to the recipient and reinforce the intended message in his mind. OTHERS Cho (1999) argues that a message conveyed by an ad should be in congruence with the values of the local culture. He also supported this statement by saying that the cultural values embodied in the ads are the core of these ads. Most of the time ads endorse, embellish as well as reinforce the cultural values. Moreover, it has been shown with the help of empirical studies that ads which reflect regional cultural values are more persuasive than the ads which dont incorporate them. 2.2 Influencing Factors This part will be analysing various factors that impact the decision to standardize or adapt based on various researches conducted. These will be stated along with explanation through this whole chapter. COST It is stated by Darmon (1999) that one of the reason leading to standardization is cost considerations. Ducan and Ramprasad (1995) also stated that economic gains along with convenience being a key factor leading to standardization. However, they were much amazed when the data of their survey stated cost savings as one of the least priority item. THE ROLE OF HEADQUATERS AND SUBSIDARIES SALE LEVEL In their research Ducan and Ramprasad (1995) that the marketing strategy as well as the follow up are more probable to be changed in the more well-off markets where the holdings of the firm as well as the profit margins are comparatively higher. Still the power of making important decisions of the regional offices depends completely on the level of freedom offered by its parent company. MACRO FACTORS According to Chandra (2002), these factors vary considerably from nation to nation and affect the decision making process very much based on the nations legal, political and economic factors along with the marketing scenarios. For e.g. in south Korea, only the nations models are allowed to be featured in the ads. SINGLE BRAND IMAGE Ducan and Ramprasad (1995) concluded in their studies that the single brand image is the most influencing reason for standardization. It is also suggested by Vrontis (2003) that through the use of single brand image a company can significantly establish its global brand image. And due to the global broadcasting by the media as well as consumer mobility standardization is much favoured as compared to earlier times. PRODUCT CATEGORY As compared to the products/services which are likely to be purchased on the basis of the regional cultures, products/services which show uniform consumer buying habits are more likely to employ a standardized marketing strategy. For e.g. electronic goods are used the same way across different cultures in contrast to food items which are more likely to be consumed in the traditional fashion. DEMOGRAPHIC, PSYCHORGAPHIC AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS It is stated by Chandra (2003) that the use of standardization depends on the existence of the homogeneous market segments. If such market exists than the consumers are more likely to behave in the same manner across the markets and share a common buying habit. EXPLOITING A SUCCESSFUL IDEA Ducan and Ramprasad (1995) stated that when an effective idea or strategy have taken a great time in its development and is successfully producing positive results, the firms are very keen on using this idea across different markets so as to reap the costs incurred in the production of that strategy. NOT INVENTED HERE When the multinational agencies are trying to use standardization, their regional subsidies are often uncomfortable with the imposition of their ideas and often defend their reasoning by tagging it as not invented here and hence lacking creativity. 2.3 Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework is defined by Miles and Huberman (1994) as a visual, graphical or audible description of a study explaining it. They can be constructs, factors, elements or variables and the relationship links between them. They also state that if the research questions have been stated first than it is much easy to form the conceptual framework. Thus for answering the research questions we have to first state on what basis we have collected the data. First, the relevant theories for the first question will be stated followed by the relevant for the second question. 2.3 Conceptualization Elements of Television Advertising Laroche and Teng (2006) found out the various appeal elements of ads, whereas Melewar and Vemmervik (2004) have classified them into visual and verbal elements. Appeals Rational Culture Emotional Speech elements Sound National Language Visual elements Scenery Models 2.3.2 Conceptualization Influencing Factors There are various different factors influencing the decision of going for standardization or adaptation for the television ads. The related theories will be analysed and equated with data collected: Cost Demographic, psychographic and cultural characteristics Macro factors Single brand image Product category 3. Methodology In this chapter the methodology used in the research will be presented. This chapter begins with the purpose, approach and Strategy used in the research followed by data collection and selection of sample. This chapter will be concluding with the problems faced during the methodology study. 3.1 Purpose of Research List of references dAstous, A. Chartier, F. (2000, Fall). A Study of Factors Affecting Consumer Evaluations and Memory of Product Placement in Movies. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 22, 31-40. dAstous, A. Sà ©guin, N. (1999). Consumer Reactions to Product Placement Strategies in Television Sponsorship. European Journal of Marketing, 33, 896-910. Avery, R. J. Ferraro, R. (2000). Verisimilitude or Advertising? Brand Appearance on Prime-Time Television. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 34, 217-244. Bloor, M., Frankland, J., Thomas, M., Robson, K. (2001). Focus Groups in Social Research. London: Sage Publication Ltd. Denscombe, M. (2000). Forskningshandboken. Lund: Studentlitteratur. Eriksson, L. T. Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (2001). Att Utreda Forska och Rapportera. Malmà ¶: Liber Ekonomi. Graser, M. (2006, February). TVs Savior? Advertising Age, 77, ps1-S2. Gupta, P. B., Balasubramanian, S. K. Klassen, M. L. (2000, Fall). Viewers Evaluations of Product Placements in Movies: Public Policy Issues and Managerial Implications. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 22, 41-52. Paying to Avoid Ads. (2004, 7 August). Economist, 372. Russell, C. A. (2002, December). Investigating the Effectiveness of Product Placements in Television Shows: The Role of Modality and Plot Connection Congruence on Brand Memory and Attitude. Journal of Consumer Research. 29, 306-318. http://www.tv.com/american-idol/show/11307/summary.html?full_summary=1 [2006, May 21]. Wenner, L. A. (2004). On the Ethics of Product Placement in Media Entertainment. Journal of Promotion Management, 10, 101-132. You be the Judge. (2004, 17 May). Brandweek, 45, pSR40-SR42.

Taking Our Freedom for Granted Essay -- United States History Historic

Taking Our Freedom for Granted Our country was founded on the idea of freedom: freedom from a king, freedom to believe in whatever one wants to believe in and freedom to openly express these beliefs with others. Through careful examination of what the authors during this period of history were expressing, I have found a greater respect for our freedoms. Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Paine are all familiar names to high school students in the United States. However, their principles are not familiar and I was shocked to learn that I had not previously read a majority of the works these men created to provide a foundation for our country’s belief system. Due to these works, I realize how much I have taken our freedom for granted. These men had radical ideas: the government can’t impose a religion on us, religion has nothing to do with the church and questioning one’s beliefs is vital to their faith. While learning where our country’s religious roots were first planted, I’ve also learned just how important it is to question and probe everything we’re told. Why do I go to church? Because I’m supposed to, because my parents do, because that’s the â€Å"rule† set by my religion. If I were to stop attending church, I would be a bad Christian. However, isn’t it true that if I attend church yet do not truly believe in what I’m doing, this is just as bad? Paine wrote, â€Å"When a man has so far corrupted and prostituted the chastity of his mind, as to subscribe his professional belief to things he does not believe, he has prepared himself for the commission of every oth er crime† (644). I believe Paine is saying that to tell yourself that you do believe in attending church when you know deep inside you are having doubts and... ... would be found deeply embedded in freedom and equality. The British government’s hostile ways in forcing a religion upon the people can be seen as horrible and yet, it was the very thing that allowed our country to strive so purposefully towards the freedom to believe anything one wants. Certain situations that seem bad can also â€Å"†¦bring things and men to light, which might otherwise have lain forever undiscovered† (966), as Paine wrote. And without these discoveries, we would be a people bound to a leader and dependent on everything that is told to us. Instead, we have become a people of great diversity, in both culture and belief, appearance and demeanor, and we refuse to give up this freedom that our founding fathers established. For, as Paine wrote, â€Å"†¦he whose heart is firm, and whose conscience approves his conduct, will pursue his principles unto death† (969).